Methods A group of 107 older adults from the urban area (mean age: 69.80 +/- 4.78 years), and 93 older adults from the rural area (mean age: 71.24 +/- 6.79 years) were examined. OB of the participants was evaluated with the Occupational Balance Questionnaire 11-T (OBQ 11-T) The QoL of older adults assessed by the World Health Organization Quality of Life - OLD module (WHOQOL-OLD).

Results The median OBQ11-T total score was 21.00 (7.00) in the urban area group and 20.00 (5.00) in the rural area group. Older adults residing in urban areas had higher scores in the OBQ 11-T total score, Item 1 = "Having enough things to do during a regular week", Item 5 = "Have sufficient time for doing mandatory occupations", and Item 11 = "Satisfaction with time spent in rest, recovery, and sleep" (p < .05). This suggests that older adults in urban areas may perceive a better balance in their activities. In contrast, rural residents had lower scores on these items, potentially reflecting fewer perceived opportunities for engaging in activities in a balanced manner. Older adults daily residing in urban areas had higher scores in the WHOQOL-OLD total score, WHOQOL-OLD Sensory Abilities Subtest, and WHOQOL-OLD Autonomy Subtest (p < .05). These findings indicate a higher QoL, particularly in sensory and autonomy-related aspects, for older adults in urban areas. Conversely, rural residents reported lower scores on these QoL subscales, which may be attributed to different environmental and lifestyle factors associated with rural living.

Conclusions These findings indicated that residency status is an important variable for both OB and QoL of older adults. Occupational therapy interventions should consider special needs of older adults who live in rural areas.

Trial registration The clinical trial number is not applicable.

摘要中译：背景：职业平衡是职业疗法中的一个重要概念，被认为是健康和幸福的重要组成部分。居住状况可能会对老年人的职业平衡（OB）和生活质量（QoL）产生重大影响。

方法：研究了107名来自城市地区的老年人（平均年龄：69.80 +/- 4.78岁）和93名来自农村地区的老年人（平均年龄：71.24 +/- 6.79岁）。用职业平衡问卷11-T (OBQ 11-T)评估参与者的职业平衡情况，用世界卫生组织生活质量-老年模块(WHOQOL-OLD)评估老年人的生活质量。

结果：城市组OBQ11-T总分中位数为21.00（7.00），农村组为20.00（5.00）。居住在城市地区的老年人在OBQ 11-T总分、第1项=“每周有足够的事情可做”、第5项=“有足够的时间从事必须从事的职业 ”和第11项=“对休息、恢复和睡眠时间的满意度 ”方面得分更高（P < .05）。这表明，城市地区的老年人可能认为他们的活动更加平衡。相比之下，农村居民在这些项目上的得分较低，这可能反映出他们认为以平衡的方式参与活动的机会较少。日常居住在城市地区的老年人在WHOQOL-OLD总分、WHOQOL-OLD感官能力子测试和WHOQOL-OLD自主性子测试中得分更高（p < .05）。这些结果表明，城市老年人的生活质量较高，尤其是在感官和自主相关方面。相反，农村居民在这些QoL分量表上的得分较低，这可能是由于与农村生活相关的不同环境和生活方式因素造成的。

结论：这些研究结果表明，居住地状况是影响老年人转播和QoL的一个重要变量。职业治疗干预措施应考虑居住在农村地区的老年人的特殊需求。

试验注册：临床试验编号不适用。

作者：Pekçetin, E (Pekcetin, Emel)；Pekçetin, S (Pekcetin, Serkan)；Saglamoglu, E (Saglamoglu, Emine)；Ekici, G (Ekici, Gamze)

文章来源：《BMC GERIATRICS》